Fig. 1: Diverse mechanisms of cancer-associated fibroblast activation.
From: A framework for advancing our understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts
This schematic highlights the multiple mechanisms that can contribute to cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. FGF, fibroblast growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; TGFβ, transforming growth factor-β; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.
