Extended Data Fig. 6: Enamel proteome damage.
a, b, Glutamine (Q) and asparagine (N) deamidation of enamel-specific proteins from H. antecessor (Atapuerca) (a), and H. erectus (Dmanisi) (b). Values are based on 1,000 bootstrap replications of protein deamidation. c, Relationship between mean asparagine (N) and glutamine (Q) deamidation for all proteins in both the Atapuerca and Dmanisi hominin datasets. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval window of 1,000 bootstrap replications of protein deamidation. Dashed line is x = y. d, Peptide length distribution of H. antecessor (Atapuerca), H. erectus (Dmanisi), four previously published enamel proteomes6,8,16 and one additional human Medieval control sample (Ø1952). For a, b and d, the number of peptides (n) is given for each violin plot. The box plots within the violin plots define the range of the data (whiskers extend to 1.5× the interquartile range), outliers (black dots, beyond 1.5× the interquartile range), 25th and 75th percentiles (boxes), and medians (centre lines). P values of two-sided t-tests conducted between sample pairs are indicated. No independent replication of these experiments was performed.
