Extended Data Fig. 8: Simulated instantaneous kinetic temperature evolution.
From: Direct observation of ultrafast hydrogen bond strengthening in liquid water

a, b, Classical excitation during the 100 fs excitation phase (a), and during the 3 ps relaxation phase (b). c, d, Quantum excitation, with vOH = 1 (c) and vOH = 0 (d). Tstretch and Trot are defined in equation (11) and equation (12). In c, the subscript ‘Stretch1’ and ‘Rot1’ indicate the OH bond corresponding to vOH = 1 Wigner sampling, and ‘Stretch2’ and ‘Rot2’ indicate the OH bond corresponding to vOH = 0 Wigner sampling. The superscript ‘excited’ indicates Wigner sampling. Excited and unexcited molecules are calculated separately. The initial temperature before excitation is 300 K