Extended Data Fig. 3: Comparison between amplification through the meta-fluid and thermal-acoustic gain.

a, b, Simulated scattering pressure fields under the inward radiation of coaxial cylindrical waves by the meta-fluid model (a) and the thermal-acoustic gain model (b). c, Enhancement of the scattering pressure fields calculated by the meta-fluid model (purple line) and the thermal-acoustic gain model (orange dots) with different β at f = 9.1 kHz. d, Corresponding frequency dependence at β = 0.05.