Fig. 1: Acute psychological stress induces leukocyte shifts.
From: Brain motor and fear circuits regulate leukocytes during acute stress
a, The gating strategy and the indicated measurements in mice exposed to psychological stressors for 1 h. n = 5 (non-stressed and aggressive intruder) and n = 6 (new cage, predator odour and tube restraint) mice. b, Blood leukocytes and plasma corticosterone levels measured at the indicated times. ‘Stress’ indicates the timepoint directly after restraint stress. n = 4 mice per timepoint. ‘Recovery’ indicates the timepoint after the indicated time of recovery from a 4 h restraint. n = 4 mice per timepoint. c, Intravital microscopy of blood leukocyte populations after the indicated stress durations. Scale bar, 50 µm. d, Experimental schematic and quantification of transferred GFP+ leukocytes in different organs. n = 5 mice per group. e, Assessment of cell death of transferred GFP+ leukocytes in the bone marrow and quantification of GFP+ leukocytes in the blood of recipient mice under the indicated conditions. n = 5 mice per group. f, B cell and T cell numbers in inguinal lymph nodes (LN) and spleen measured after the indicated time of recovery from one 4 h restraint stress episode. n = 4 (non-stressed LN analyses) and n = 5 (other analyses) mice. g, Experimental schematic and quantification of transferred GFP+ and endogenous GFP− neutrophils in different organs expressed as a percentage of the mean neutrophil number in the respective organ in non-stressed control mice. n = 6 (non-stressed) and n = 5 (stressed) mice. Estimated body-wide total loss of endogenous GFP− neutrophils from the bone marrow plotted against estimated total gain of endogenous GFP− neutrophils in most relevant peripheral destinations. For a, b and d–g, data are mean ± s.e.m. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (a, b, e and f) and two-tailed unpaired t-tests (d and g); ★P < 0.05, ★★P < 0.01, ★★★P < 0.001.
