Extended Data Fig. 3: Surface area and pore-volume measurements.

a, N2 adsorption (closed circles) and desorption (open circles) isotherms at 77 K on a linear scale for as-synthesized ZIF-67, ZIF-8, zeolite LTL and silicalite-1. Calculated BET surface areas and pore volumes are listed in Supplementary Table 4. b, N2 adsorption (closed circles) and desorption (open circles) isotherms at 77 K on a logarithmic scale for as-synthesized ZIF-67, ZIF-8, zeolite LTL and silicalite-1. c, N2 adsorption (closed circles) and desorption (open circles) isotherms at 77 K on a linear scale for ZIF-8 nanocrystals before and after functionalization with mPEG, showing that covalent functionalization has minimal impact on the accessible surface area. d, N2 adsorption (closed circles) and desorption (open circles) isotherms at 77 K on a logarithmic scale for ZIF-8 nanocrystals before and after functionalization with mPEG, showing that covalent functionalization has minimal impact on the accessible surface area. e, N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K for 60-nm silicalite-1 and ZSM-5 nanocrystals before dispersion in water. The micropore volume of 60-nm silicalite-1 calculated by the t-plot method (fit range 3.5–9.8 Å) is 0.16 ml g−1, which is consistent with the micropore volume of 90-nm silicalite-1 (Supplementary Table 4). The micropore volume calculated by the t-plot method (fit range 4.7–13 Å) of ZSM-5 is 0.17 ml g−1.