Extended Data Fig. 3: Orientation statistics of ice Ic crystallites grown from vapour deposition on graphene at about 102 K.

Orientation statistics of fully-grown ice Ic crystallites on one graphene substrate based on real-space measurements, showing ice Ic crystallites with a preference for <110> orientation. A total of 92 ice Ic crystallites with different crystallographic axis orientations were observed and measured using the same conditions on one graphene substrate. The orientation and the corresponding number of the ice Ic crystallites is annotated in the chart.