Extended Data Fig. 6: Full COPSE model outputs for DOM oxidation by sulfate with constant Fe2+-bound phosphorus burial, using a sulfate pulse of four times the background flux, DOM C:P of 1,000 and the size of the DOM reservoir is 30 times the size of the modern marine DIC reservoir.

a, Weathering sulfate pulse versus background flux. b, DOM oxidation flux (DOMox) in moles of carbon per year. c, DOM reservoir (DOMpool) in moles of carbon. d, P concentration in seawater ([P]sw). e, Relative atmospheric oxygen concentration (pO2) to present atmospheric level (PAL). f, Degree of marine anoxia (Anoxia). g, Modelled marine carbonate carbon-isotope composition (δ13Ccarb). h, Modelled marine sulfate sulfur-isotope composition (δ34Ssulfate). i, Silicate weathering flux (silw) in moles of carbon per year. j, Modelled marine carbonate strontium-isotope composition (87Sr/86Sr). k, Relative marine sulfate concentration ([SO42−]sw) to present oceanic level (POL). l, Relative marine new primary productivity (newp) to POL. m, Relative atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (pCO2) to PAL. n, Average global temperature (Temp) in °C. o, Organic carbon weathering flux (oxidw) in moles of carbon per year. p, Marine organic carbon burial flux (mocb) in moles of carbon. q, Gypsum sulfur weathering flux (gypw) in moles of sulfur. r, Pyrite sulfur weathering flux (pyrw) in moles of sulfur. s, Marine pyrite sulfur burial flux (mpsb) in moles of sulfur. t, Marine gypsum sulfur burial flux (mgsb) in moles of sulfur. u, Phosphorus releasing flux from DOM oxidation (DOMOX_P) in moles of phosphorus. v, Flux of weathered phosphorus reaching the sea (psea) in moles of phosphorus. w, Total iron-bound phosphorus burial flux (fepb) in moles of phosphorus. x, Carbonate-bound phosphorus burial flux (capb) in moles of phosphorus. y, Marine organic phosphorus burial flux (mopb) in moles of phosphorus. z, Ferric iron Fe3+-bound phosphorus burial [fepb(Fe3+)] in moles of phosphorus. aa, Ferrous iron Fe2+-bound phosphorus burial [fepb(Fe2+)] in moles of phosphorus.