Fig. 5: Coordinated upregulation of tolerogenic functional markers with GA.

a, Volcano plot distinguishing GA-driven from SAR (δ)-driven cell-type-specific functional marker positivity fraction. x axis, log₂ ratio of trend size is a relative measurement of R² derived from linear regression against GA or SAR (δ) and GA. y axis, –log₁₀ of the P value for the better-fitting regression model. Points are colour coded by the trend size observed in the better-fitting regression model. b, Heatmap of changes in a subset of GA-driven functional markers as a function of GA in weeks. GA in days is binned to weeks for visualization. c, MIBI colour overlay of IDO-1 expression in glandular cells (top inset) and endothelial cells (bottom inset) in an early (6 weeks GA) sample. Representative image of n = 122 FOVs. d, MIBI colour overlay of IDO-1 expression in endothelial cells (inset) in spiral artery (SAR manually assessed stage 4) of a late (16 weeks GA) sample. Representative image of n = 106 FOVs. e, Per-image Mac2a and Mac2b TIM-3⁺ cell frequency versus Mac2a and Mac2b GAL-9⁺ frequency coloured by GA. f, Lineage composition of cellular microenvironments across the cohort, and frequency of GAL-9⁺ fibroblasts in each microenvironment. g, Cell phenotype map of macrophages and decidual fibroblasts. h, Inset of g. MIBI colour overlay of TIM-3⁺ and GAL-9⁺ Mac2b cells and fibroblasts. Representative image of n = 153 FOVs. i, Inset of g. MIBI colour overlay of TIM-3⁺ and GAL-9⁺ Mac1a, Mac1b and Mac2a cells and fibroblasts. Representative image of n = 148 FOVs.

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