Fig. 2: Virome-wide antibody analysis of blood samples self-collected during short-duration spaceflight.

Blood spot samples were collected longitudinally across all mission phases from the four Inspiration4 astronauts and analysed for IgG reactivity across a 15,000-plex peptide library representing 80 human-infecting viral species using the PepSeq assay. a, Reactivity for each sample (columns) is shown across all 1,490 peptides (rows) reactive in at least one astronaut, with samples clustered by the similarity of their reactivity profiles and peptides grouped by the virus species from which they were designed. Sample reactivity profiles clustered tightly within each astronaut, including those collected in-flight. Reactivity was detected against peptides from a total of 45 virus species, listed in Supplemental Table 3, including full names. b, Time intervals with significantly increasing (red) or decreasing (blue) IgG reactivity in the four astronauts, detected using Peptide Set Enrichment Analysis¹⁹ (Methods). Shown are the four virus species for which at least one significant increase was detected with the six sampling time points indicated by vertical tick marks at the top of the plot. EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; EV-A, Enterovirus A; EV-B, Enterovirus B; EV-C, Enterovirus C; EV-D, Enterovirus D; HAdV-B, Human mastadenovirus B; HAdV-C, Human mastadenovirus C; HAdV-D, Human mastadenovirus D; HHV-1, Human alphaherpesvirus 1; HHV-4, Human gammaherpesvirus 4; HHV-5, Human betaherpesvirus 5; HHV-6, Human betaherpesvirus 6; HHV-7, Human betaherpesvirus 7; HOPV, Human orthopneumovirus; HRV3, Human respirovirus 3; HRV-A, Rhinovirus A; HRV-B, Rhinovirus B; HRV-C, Rhinovirus C; NV, Norwalk virus; RV-A, Rotavirus; SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.