Extended Data Fig. 5: Reduced levels of EVC2 result in reduced Hedgehog signaling output and affect craniofacial phenotypes.
From: Human–chimpanzee fused cells reveal cis-regulatory divergence underlying skeletal evolution
a, Western blot of Gli1 protein levels (a measure of Hh signaling output induced by Shh) at different Evc2 and Hh signaling input levels. EvcC2 was introduced at various levels into Evc2−/− mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts through retroviral infection. Cells with higher levels of Evc2 show higher Hh signaling output. p38 served as positive control. Pearson’s R and P-value are shown for 40 nM SHH. The samples derive from the same experiment and blots were processed in parallel. For gel source data, see Source Data. b, Micro-CT radiographic images of the palate bone, enamel (extra bright) and roots of the first mandibular molar in Evc2 control and Evc2 KO mice at P28. c, Diagram of the mandible indicating the landmarks for the parameters measured. d, Mean skull and mandible measurements from Evc2 control and Evc2 KO mice at P28. (n = 5 for each group, FDR-adjusted two-tailed t-test P-values are shown). Whiskers show one standard deviation in each direction. Landmarks used are shown in the titles.
