Extended Data Fig. 8: IL-33 increases glucose flux in the lung environment via ILC2 and IL-5.

a, BALB/c mice were treated intranasally with IL-33 or PBS on days 0 and 1, and anti-IL-5 or control antibody (i.p.) on day -6, -3, and 0 and sacrificed on day 3. Lung homogenates were cultured for 18 hours and glucose (Glu) and lactate (Lac) concentrations were measured in the supernatant by NMR analysis (n = 10,9,9). b, Spatial resolving glycolytic activity in lung by MSI. WT or Il7ra^Cre/+Rora^fl/fl (KO) mice were dosed with PBS or IL-33 on day 0 and 1, and sacrificed on day 3 and infused or not with [U-¹³C] glucose (as described in Methods). (Right to left) H&E stained lungs and post DESI-MSI molecular images of lactate, [U-¹³C] lactate, glucose, [U-¹³C] glucose, normal and [U-¹³C] lactate to glucose ratio (pixel per pixel). Intensity scale is fixed for each molecular species independently, and monochromatic lighter colors correspond to higher relative abundance. c, d, Bar graphs indicate mean relative abundances of [U-¹³C] glucose or [U-¹³C] lactate (c) (n = 4), or the ratio of [U-¹²C] lactate over glucose (d) (n = 4). e, BALB/c were treated intranasally with Asp or PBS on days 0 and 1, and anti-IL-5 or control antibody (i.p.) on day -6, -3, 0 and 3, followed by injected with 4T1-T breast cancer cells in the mammary fat pad on day 7, and sacrifice on day 21. f, Tumor burden of mice treated as in (e) with 4T1-T cells was quantified by visual examination and primary tumor weight was recorded (n = 9,10,9). g, Graphical abstract. Bar graphs indicate mean (±SEM) of combined data of two (a, c, d, and f) independent experiments. (b) depicts representative MSI images of two independent experiments. Statistical analyses were calculated using one-way ANOVA with **** = p ≤ 0.0001.