Fig. 3: Combining LIPS tests as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19.
From: ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies are accurate serological markers of early and late SARS-CoV-2 infection
a–c, Antibodies against the three relevant SARS-CoV-2 antigens N (a), ORF3b (b) and ORF8 (c), were measured by LIPS from COVID-19 samples (n = 84) and negative controls (n = 176). d,e, Sum of antibody LIPS levels to N + ORF3b + ORF8 (d) and ORF3b + ORF8 (e) SARS-CoV-2 antigens in patients with COVID-19 and negative controls. Data represents the mean ± s.d. and individual responses. The cut-off value is shown by the dotted line and was based on the mean + 3 × s.d. of the negative control. Background values were subtracted. Experiments were repeated twice. f, Cluster of points representing each patient with COVID-19 in red and negative controls in gray in the plane (ORF3b, ORF8). The equation of the line is 0.2187 x + 0.5927 y = 4,643.19. g, Sensitivity and specificity performances of the N, ORF3b, ORF8 and their sums (from a–e) and cluster analysis (from f). The contour red line shows the highest sensitivity and specificity. Two-sided P values were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Asterisks denote statistical significance between patients with COVID-19 versus negative controls. ****P < 0.0001.
