Supplementary Figure 12: Overview of Consensus Trait-modules in the STRING Network.

Overview of all 21 trait-associated consensus modules in the STRING protein-protein interaction network. The first three columns give the module ID, the trait type, and the specific GWAS trait that the module is associated to. We tested all modules for enrichment in GO annotation, mouse mutant phenotypes, and other pathway databases using the non-central hypergeometric test (Methods). The putative function of each module based on this enrichment analysis is summarized in the fourth column (see Figs. 5 and 6, Supplementary Fig. 9, and Supplementary Table 4 for details). Two thirds of the modules have functions that correspond to core pathways underlying the respective traits, while the remaining modules correspond either to generic pathways that play a role in diverse traits or to pathways without an established connection to the considered trait or disease. Only pathways with a well-established link to the trait were considered core pathways. Generic pathways, such as cell-cycle-related or epigenetic pathways, were not considered core pathways because they are relevant for many traits and tissues, making them more difficult to target therapeutically. For example, modules 77 and 109 are both associated with schizophrenia and comprise pathways related to epigenetic gene silencing and nucleosome organization, respectively. Although there is evidence that epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in schizophrenia, we considered this to be a generic pathway.