Extended Data Fig. 3: Limit of detection (LOD) for NIR SRS and visible SRS under the biocompatible power limits.

(a) NIR SRS spectra of DMSO serial dilution in water. Peak intensities versus DMSO concentrations were plotted and linearly fitted along the sloped dotted line. LOD was calculated as the linear fitting concentration at baseline intensity + 3σ (horizontal dotted line value), where baseline intensities were the mean values at zero concentrations and σ were the noise levels measured as the standard deviation in a background area (n = 400 pixels). (b) Visible SRS measurements of the same samples, together with the linearity curve to benchmark the LOD. Values of the LOD are shown in corresponding linear fitting plots.