Extended Data Fig. 4: Effect of optogenetic stimulus in V1 neurons in VGAT-ChR2 mice.

(a) Mean response of V1 neurons from 4 VGAT-ChR2 mice to stimulation with blue light. Gray, shaded region indicates standard error of the mean. Fast-spiking (FS, putative interneurons) and regular spiking (RS, putative pyramidal neurons) were defined by the peak-to-trough duration of their spike waveforms. Neurons were classified as excited, transiently excited, or inhibited (see Methods). Two neurons were non-responsive (not shown). The bottom panel expands the time scale (indicated by dashed lines) of the inhibited cells. (b) Mean response of 74 visually-responsive V1 neurons (see Methods) from the same mice in A to the visual and optogenetic stimuli used for the behavior data in Fig. 4a,b. Shaded regions indicate standard error of the mean. Neurons that were excited or transiently excited by the optogenetic light were excluded. Optogenetic light onset was varied relative to the onset of the target presented contralateral or ipsilateral to the recorded neurons. On a subset of trials, the target (17 ms duration) was immediately followed by a bilateral mask for 200 ms.