Extended Data Fig. 5: Whole brain projections of CAVLM neurons.
a, A representative sagittal image showing VLM-derived axonal projections (green) throughout the brain. NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius. DR, dorsal raphe. PVT, paraventricular thalamic nucleus. DMH, dorsal medial hypothalamus. ARC, arcuate nucleus. POA, preoptic area. b-d, Selective inhibition of the CAVLM→ARC neural circuit by bilateral infusion of CNO (0.5 µl each side, 1 µg/µl dissolved in saline) into the ARC via pre-implanted cannulas. b, Experimental schematic. c, A representative image shows the position of cannulas targeting the ARC. d, Absolute cell counts of transferred T cells in blood (p = 0.022) and BM (p = 0.034) after bilateral infusion of CNO into the ARC of DbhVLM-hM4Di mice. e-g, Selective inhibition of the CAVLM→DMH neural circuit by bilateral infusion of CNO (0.5 µl each side, 1 µg/µl dissolved in saline) into the DMH via preimplanted cannulas. e, Experimental schematic. f, A representative image shows the position of cannulas targeting the DMH. g, Absolute cell counts of transferred T cells in blood (p = 0.0062) and BM (p = 0.039) after bilateral infusion of CNO into the DMH of DbhVLM-hM4Di mice. h-j, Transsynaptic anterograde tracing of VLM neurons. h, Schematic of transsynaptic anterograde tracing. AAV1-Cre was injected into the VLM of Ai14 mice. i, Representative images showing VLM transsynaptic labeled tdTomato+ neurons (red) and Crh+ neurons (green) in the PVN. Arrows indicate double-labeled neurons. j, Pie graphs showing the percentages of CRHPVN neurons that received inputs from the VLM (558 double-labeled neurons among 1717 Crh+ neurons from 2 mice). k, l, CRH neurons in the PVN of Crh-Cre×Ai14 mice were activated by 24 hours of fasting. k, Representative images show Fos expression (green) in PVN CRH neurons (red) of mice fed ad libitum (top) or fasted (bottom). l, Group data (number p = 0.0014, percentage p < 0.0001). Data are presented as Mean ± s.e.m in d, g, and l. Two-sided unpaired t-test was used in d, g, and l.
