Fig. 3: Decomposition of mPFC population activity into dimensions related to motion, avoidance actions and tone stimuli.

a, Mean accuracy of neural decoders for ITI (left) or avoid shuttles (right) after the progressive removal of up to four motion dimensions (n = 80 repetitions). b, Drop in time-averaged accuracy (−3 s to 1 s) of ITI and avoid decoders from a with respect to the baseline setting (0 dimensions removed). c, Mean accuracy of neural decoders for ITI (left) or avoid shuttles (right) after the progressive removal of up to four avoid dimensions (n = 80 repetitions). d, Drop in time-averaged accuracy (−3 s to 1 s) of ITI and avoid decoders from c. e, Schematic representation showing the progressive decomposition of the joint subspace into five coding dimensions and a residual space. f, Schematic representation illustrating tone versus BSL decoding. g, Tone decoding accuracies after progressive removal of up to two-tone dimensions. h, Drop in time-averaged tone decoding accuracy (0–4 s) of the decoders from g and drop in VE for the respective decoding dimensions. In b, d and h, lines and shaded areas correspond to mean and 95% CIs for 80 repetitions, and vertical dotted lines correspond to the number of dimensions chosen for the subspace decomposition. Black bars in b and d indicate significant differences between the AV and ITI settings based on nonoverlapping CIs. BSL, baseline.