Extended Data Fig. 2: Photoactivation of dACC→PnC neurons with breathing measurement.
From: A top-down slow breathing circuit that alleviates negative affect in mice
a, Representative raw breathing trace measured by inductance plethysmography experiment under anesthesia from a mouse expressing ChR2 in dACC→PnC neurons. b–f, Analyses of breathing rates and inspiratory/expiratory durations during photoactivation of dACC→PnC neurons with reduced light intensity (b–f; ChR2, N = 6; eGFP, N = 5 mice). b,c, Percent change of normalized breathing rates during the photoactivation with ~6 mW (b) and ~3 mW (c) intensity. d, Correlation between the change of breathing rate and intensity of light stimulation. e,f, Correlation between the change of inspiratory (e) or expiratory (f) duration and intensity of light stimulation. g, Photaoactivation of dACC→PnC neurons decreases breathing rates (shown in breath per minute; BPM). h, Schematic of breathing monitoring using a nasal thermistor sensor. i,j, Photoactivation of dACC→PnC neurons led to a decrease in breathing rate in awake mice (ChR2, N = 6; eGFP N = 6 mice). Average breathing rate (5-s window smoothed; i); light-induced changes (ON– OFF) in breathing rates (j). N.SP > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Line graphs are shown as mean ± s.e.m. Box-whisker plot is shown as median and interquartile range with minimum and maximum.
