Extended Data Fig. 4: Composition of the adult human neocortical meta-atlas.

a) Cells from different datasets integrate together (left, UMAP), with the majority of adult meta-atlas cells originating from the Mathys et al.39 and Siletti et al.44 datasets and the remaining 14 datasets contributing cells that increase the diversity of individuals sampled in our meta-atlas (middle). In total, our atlas contains 274 individuals, within an individual from Siletti et al.44 contributing the greatest number of cells (right). b–d) The 16 datasets (b) and 274 individuals (c) in our meta-atlas represent cell type and subtype compositions expected for cortical tissues (middle and bottom bar graphs, respectively), as annotated using cell type label transfer from the Jorstad et al.36 profile of the adult cortex (also included in the adult meta-atlas) (d). e) All 16 datasets are represented in the generation of meta-modules. Clusters within datasets displayed similar gene score distributions (left), resulting in over 50% of the clusters in each dataset being represented in the meta-modules (middle). Datasets also show comparable distributions of module activity overall (right). f) Individual cluster markers well-represented in meta-modules. While individuals contributed clusters to meta-module generation to varying degrees (left), the cluster markers of each individual were represented in meta-modules at comparable levels (middle). g) Histogram of subtypes represented across module-positive cells (cells displaying the top 90th percentile of module activity within its respective dataset) demonstrates the diversity of subtypes represented within each module-expressing population, similar to what was observed in the developmental meta-atlas.