Online-only Table 2 Original dataset citations.

Bagaria2012

CESTES

Bagaria, G., Pino, J., Rodà, F. & Guardiola, M. Species traits weakly involved in plant responses to landscape properties in Mediterranean grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science 23, 432–442 (2012).

Barbaro2009a

CESTES

Barbaro, L. & van Halder, I. Linking bird, carabid beetle and butterfly life‐history traits to habitat fragmentation in mosaic landscapes. Ecography 32, 321–333 (2009).

Barbaro2009b

CESTES

Barbaro, L. & van Halder, I. Linking bird, carabid beetle and butterfly life‐history traits to habitat fragmentation in mosaic landscapes. Ecography 32, 321–333 (2009).

Barbaro2012

CESTES

Barbaro, L., Brockerhoff, E. G., Giffard, B. & van Halder, I. Edge and area effects on avian assemblages and insectivory in fragmented native forests. Landscape Ecology 27, 1451–1463 (2012).

Barbaro2017

CESTES

Barbaro, L. et al. Avian pest control in vineyards is driven by interactions between bird functional diversity and landscape heterogeneity. J Appl Ecol 54, 500–508 (2017).

Bartonova2016

CESTES

Bartonova, A., Benes, J., Fric, Z. F., Chobot, K. & Konvicka, M. How universal are reserve design rules? A test using butterflies and their life history traits. Ecography 39, 456–464 (2016).

Bonada2007S

CESTES

Bonada, N., Rieradevall, M. & Prat, N. Macroinvertebrate community structure and biological traits related to flow permanence in a Mediterranean river network. Hydrobiologia 589, 91–106 (2007).

Bonada2007W

CESTES

Bonada, N., Rieradevall, M. & Prat, N. Macroinvertebrate community structure and biological traits related to flow permanence in a Mediterranean river network. Hydrobiologia 589, 91–106 (2007).

BrindAmour2011a

CESTES

Brind’Amour, A., Boisclair, D., Dray, S. & Legendre, P. Relationships between species feeding traits and environmental conditions in fish communities: a three-matrix approach. Ecological Applications 21, 363–377 (2011).

BrindAmour2011b

CESTES

Brind’Amour, A., Boisclair, D., Dray, S. & Legendre, P. Relationships between species feeding traits and environmental conditions in fish communities: a three-matrix approach. Ecological Applications 21, 363–377 (2011).

Campos2018

CESTES

Campos, R. de, Lansac-Tôha, F. M., Conceição, E. de O. da, Martens, K. & Higuti, J. Factors affecting the metacommunity structure of periphytic ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda): a deconstruction approach based on biological traits. Aquat Sci 80, 16 (2018).

Carvalho2015

CESTES

Carvalho, R. A. & Tejerina-Garro, F. L. The influence of environmental variables on the functional structure of headwater stream fish assemblages: a study of two tropical basins in Central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 13, 349–360 (2015).

Castro2010

CESTES

Castro, H., Lehsten, V., Lavorel, S. & Freitas, H. Functional response traits in relation to land use change in the Montado. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 137, 183–191 (2010).

Charbonnier2016a

CESTES

Charbonnier, Y. M. et al. Bat and bird diversity along independent gradients of latitude and tree composition in European forests. Oecologia 182, 529–537 (2016).

Charbonnier2016b

CESTES

Charbonnier, Y. M. et al. Bat and bird diversity along independent gradients of latitude and tree composition in European forests. Oecologia 182, 529–537 (2016).

Chmura2016

CESTES

Chmura, D., Żarnowiec, J. & Staniaszek-Kik, M. Interactions between plant traits and environmental factors within and among montane forest belts: A study of vascular species colonising decaying logs. Forest Ecology and Management 379, 216–225 (2016).

Choler2005

CESTES

Dray, S. & Dufour, A.-B. The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software 1–20 (2007).

Choler, P. Consistent Shifts in Alpine Plant Traits along a Mesotopographical Gradient. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 37, 444–453 (2005).

ChongSeng2012a

CESTES

Chong-Seng, K. M., Mannering, T. D., Pratchett, M. S., Bellwood, D. R. & Graham, N. A. J. The Influence of Coral Reef Benthic Condition on Associated Fish Assemblages. PLOS ONE 7, e42167 (2012).

ChongSeng2012b

CESTES

Chong-Seng, K. M., Mannering, T. D., Pratchett, M. S., Bellwood, D. R. & Graham, N. A. J. The Influence of Coral Reef Benthic Condition on Associated Fish Assemblages. PLOS ONE 7, e42167 (2012).

Cleary2007a

CESTES

Cleary, D. F. R. et al. Bird species and traits associated with logged and unlogged forest in Borneo. figshare 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3293726.v1 (2016)

Cleary, D. F. R. et al. Bird species and traits associated with logged and unlogged forest in Borneo. Ecological Applications 17, 1184–1197 (2007).

Cleary2007b

CESTES

Cleary, D. F. R. & Renema, W. Relating species traits of foraminifera to environmental variables in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 334, 73–82 (2007).

Cleary2016

CESTES

Cleary, D. F. R. et al. Variation in the composition of corals, fishes, sponges, echinoderms, ascidians, molluscs, foraminifera and macroalgae across a pronounced in-to-offshore environmental gradient in the Jakarta Bay–Thousand Islands coral reef complex. Marine Pollution Bulletin 110, 701–717 (2016).

Cornwell2009

CESTES

Cornwell, W. K. & Ackerly, D. D. Community assembly and shifts in plant trait distributions across an environmental gradient in coastal California. Ecological Monographs 79, 109–126 (2009).

Diaz2008

CESTES

Mellado-Diaz, A., Luisa Suarez Alonso, M. & Rosario Vidal-Abarca Gutierrez, M. Biological traits of stream macroinvertebrates from a semi-arid catchment: patterns along complex environmental gradients. Freshwater Biology 53, 1–21 (2008).

Doledec1996

CESTES

Dray, S. & Dufour, A.-B. The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software 1–20 (2007).

Dolédec, S., Chessel, D., Braak, C. J. F. ter & Champely, S. Matching species traits to environmental variables: a new three-table ordination method. Environ Ecol Stat 3, 143–166 (1996).

Drew2017

CESTES

Drew, J. A. & Amatangelo, K. L. Community assembly of coral reef fishes along the Melanesian biodiversity gradient. figshare 10.1371/journal.pone.0186123 (2017).

Drew, J. A. & Amatangelo, K. L. Community assembly of coral reef fishes along the Melanesian biodiversity gradient. PLOS ONE 12, (2017).

Dziock2011

CESTES

Dziock, F. et al. Reproducing or dispersing? Using trait based habitat templet models to analyse Orthoptera response to flooding and land use. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 145, 85–94 (2011).

Klaiber, J. et al. Fauna Indicativa. (Eidg. Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL, CH-Birmensdorf, 2017).

Eallonardo2013

CESTES

Eallonardo, A. S., Leopold, D. J., Fridley, J. D. & Stella, J. C. Salinity tolerance and the decoupling of resource axis plant traits. Journal of Vegetation Science 24, 365–374 (2013).

Farneda2015

CESTES

Farneda, F. Z. et al. Trait-related responses to habitat fragmentation in Amazonian bats. Journal of Applied Ecology 52, 1381–1391 (2015).

Frenette2012a

CESTES

Frenette-Dussault, C., Shipley, B., Léger, J.-F., Meziane, D. & Hingrat, Y. Functional structure of an arid steppe plant community reveals similarities with Grime’s C-S-R theory. Journal of Vegetation Science 23, 208–222 (2012).

Frenette2012b

CESTES

Frenette-Dussault, C., Shipley, B., Léger, J.-F., Meziane, D. & Hingrat, Y. Functional structure of an arid steppe plant community reveals similarities with Grime’s C-S-R theory. Journal of Vegetation Science 23, 208–222 (2012).

Frenette2013

CESTES

Frenette-Dussault, C., Shipley, B. & Hingrat, Y. Linking plant and insect traits to understand multitrophic community structure in arid steppes. Functional Ecology 27, 786–792 (2013).

Fried2012

CESTES

Fried, G., Kazakou, E. & Gaba, S. Trajectories of weed communities explained by traits associated with species’ response to management practices. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 158, 147–155 (2012).

Gallardo2009

CESTES

Gallardo, B., Gascon, S., Garcia, M. & Comin, F. A. Testing the response of macroinvertebrate functional structure and biodiversity to flooding and confinement. Journal of limnology 68, 315–326 (2009).

Gibb2015

CESTES

Gibb, H. et al. Responses of foliage-living spider assemblage composition and traits to a climatic gradient in Themeda grasslands: Spider Traits and Climatic Gradients. Austral Ecology 40, 225–237 (2015).

Goncalves2010

CESTES

Gonçalves-Souza, T., Brescovit, A. D., de C. Rossa-Feres, D. & Romero, G. Q. Bromeliads as biodiversity amplifiers and habitat segregation of spider communities in a Neotropical rainforest. The Journal of Arachnology 38, 270–279 (2010).

Goncalves2014a

CESTES

Gonçalves-Souza, T., Romero, G. Q. & Cottenie, K. Metacommunity versus Biogeography: A Case Study of Two Groups of Neotropical Vegetation-Dwelling Arthropods. PLOS ONE 9, e115137 (2014).

Goncalves2014b

CESTES

Gonçalves-Souza, T., Romero, G. Q. & Cottenie, K. Metacommunity versus Biogeography: A Case Study of Two Groups of Neotropical Vegetation-Dwelling Arthropods. PLOS ONE 9, e115137 (2014).

Jamil2013

CESTES

Jamil, T., Ozinga, W. A., Kleyer, M. & ter Braak, C. J. F. Selecting traits that explain species-environment relationships: a generalized linear mixed model approach. Journal of Vegetation Science 24, 988–1000 (2013).

Jeliazkov2013

CESTES

Jeliazkov, A. Scale-effects in agriculture-environment-biodiversity relationships. (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 2013). Retrieved from http://www.sudoc.fr/180446460

Jeliazkov2014

CESTES

Jeliazkov, A. et al. Level-dependence of the relationships between amphibian biodiversity and environment in pond systems within an intensive agricultural landscape. Hydrobiologia 723, 7–23 (2014).

Krasnov2015

CESTES

Krasnov, B. R. et al. Assembly rules of ectoparasite communities across scales: combining patterns of abiotic factors, host composition, geographic space, phylogeny and traits. Ecography 38, 184–197 (2015).

Lowe2018a

CESTES

Lowe, E. C., Threlfall, C. G., Wilder, S. M. & Hochuli, D. F. Environmental drivers of spider community composition at multiple scales along an urban gradient. Biodivers Conserv 27, 829–852 (2018).

Lowe2018b

CESTES

Lowe, E. C., Threlfall, C. G., Wilder, S. M. & Hochuli, D. F. Environmental drivers of spider community composition at multiple scales along an urban gradient. Biodivers Conserv 27, 829–852 (2018).

Marteinsdottir2014

CESTES

Marteinsdóttir, B. & Eriksson, O. Plant community assembly in semi-natural grasslands and ex-arable fields: a trait-based approach. Journal of Vegetation Science 25, 77–87 (2014).

Meffert2013

CESTES

Meffert, P. J. & Dziock, F. The influence of urbanisation on diversity and trait composition of birds. Landscape Ecology 28, 943–957 (2013).

Ossola2015

CESTES

Ossola, A., Nash, M. A., Christie, F. J., Hahs, A. K. & Livesley, S. J. Urban habitat complexity affects species richness but not environmental filtering of morphologically-diverse ants. PeerJ 3, e1356 (2015).

Pakeman2011

CESTES

Pakeman, R. J. Multivariate identification of plant functional response and effect traits in an agricultural landscape. Ecology 92, 1353–1365 (2011).

Pavoine2011

CESTES

Dray, S. Dufour, A.-B. The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software 1–20 (2007).

de Bélair, Gérard and Bencheikh-Lehocine, Mahmoud (1987) Composition et déterminisme de la végétation d'une plaine côtière marécageuse: La Mafragh (Annaba, Algérie). Bulletin d'Ecologie, 18(4), 393–407.

Pavoine, S., Vela, E., Gachet, S., de Bélair, G. & Bonsall, M. B. Linking patterns in phylogeny, traits, abiotic variables and space: a novel approach to linking environmental filtering and plant community assembly: Multiple data in community organization. Journal of Ecology 99, 165–175 (2011).

Pekin2011

CESTES

Pekin, B. K., Wittkuhn, R. S., Boer, M. M., Macfarlane, C. & Grierson, P. F. Plant functional traits along environmental gradients in seasonally dry and fire-prone ecosystem. Journal of Vegetation Science 22, 1009–1020 (2011).

Pomati2013

CESTES

Pomati, F. et al. Individual Cell Based Traits Obtained by Scanning Flow-Cytometry Show Selection by Biotic and Abiotic Environmental Factors during a Phytoplankton Spring Bloom. PLOS ONE 8, e71677 (2013).

Purschke2012a

CESTES

Purschke, O., Sykes, M. T., Reitalu, T., Poschlod, P. & Prentice, H. C. Linking landscape history and dispersal traits in grassland plant communities. Oecologia 168, 773–783 (2012).

Purschke2012b

CESTES

Purschke, O., Sykes, M. T., Reitalu, T., Poschlod, P. & Prentice, H. C. Linking landscape history and dispersal traits in grassland plant communities. Oecologia 168, 773–783 (2012).

Purschke2012c

CESTES

Purschke, O., Sykes, M. T., Reitalu, T., Poschlod, P. & Prentice, H. C. Linking landscape history and dispersal traits in grassland plant communities. Oecologia 168, 773–783 (2012).

Purschke2012d

CESTES

Purschke, O., Sykes, M. T., Reitalu, T., Poschlod, P. & Prentice, H. C. Linking landscape history and dispersal traits in grassland plant communities. Oecologia 168, 773–783 (2012).

Purschke2012e

CESTES

Purschke, O., Sykes, M. T., Reitalu, T., Poschlod, P. & Prentice, H. C. Linking landscape history and dispersal traits in grassland plant communities. Oecologia 168, 773–783 (2012).

Rachello2007

CESTES

Rachello-Dolmen, P. G. & Cleary, D. F. R. Relating coral species traits to environmental conditions in the Jakarta Bay/Pulau Seribu reef system, Indonesia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 73, 816–826 (2007).

Raevel2012

CESTES

Raevel, V., Violle, C. & Munoz, F. Mechanisms of ecological succession: insights from plant functional strategies. Oikos 121, 1761–1770 (2012).

Ribera2001

CESTES

Ribera, I., Dolédec, S., Downie, I. S. & Foster, G. N. Effect of Land Disturbance and Stress on Species Traits of Ground Beetle Assemblages. Ecology 82, 1112–1129 (2001).

Robinson2014

CESTES

Robinson, N., Kadlec, T., Bowers, M. D. & Guralnick, R. P. Integrating species traits and habitat characteristics into models of butterfly diversity in a fragmented ecosystem. Ecological Modelling 281, 15–25 (2014).

Kadlec, T., Benes, J., Jarosik, V. & Konvicka, M. Revisiting urban refuges: Changes of butterfly and burnet fauna in Prague reserves over three decades. Landscape and Urban Planning 85, 1–11 (2008).

Konvicka, M. & Kadlec, T. How to increase the value of urban areas for butterfly conservation? A lesson from Prague nature reserves and parks. European Journal of Entomology 108, 219–229 (2011).

Robroek2017a

CESTES

Robroek, B. et al. Data from: Taxonomic and functional turnover are decoupled in European peat bogs. Dryad Digitial Repository https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g1pk3 (2017)

Robroek, B. J. M. et al. Taxonomic and functional turnover are decoupled in European peat bogs. Nature Communications 8, (2017).

Robroek2017b

CESTES

Robroek, B. et al. Data from: Taxonomic and functional turnover are decoupled in European peat bogs. Dryad Digitial Repository https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g1pk3 (2017)

Robroek, B. J. M. et al. Taxonomic and functional turnover are decoupled in European peat bogs. Nature Communications 8, (2017).

Shieh2012

CESTES

Shieh, S.-H., Wang, L.-K. & Hsiao, W.-F. Shifts in Functional Traits of Aquatic Insects along a Subtropical Stream in Taiwan. Zoological Studies 51, 1051–1065 (2012).

Spake2016

CESTES

Spake, R., Barsoum, N., Newton, A. C. & Doncaster, C. P. Drivers of the composition and diversity of carabid functional traits in UK coniferous plantations. Forest Ecology and Management 359, 300–308 (2016).

Stanko2014

CESTES

Krasnov, B. R. et al. Assembly rules of ectoparasite communities across scales: combining patterns of abiotic factors, host composition, geographic space, phylogeny and traits. Ecography 38, 184–197 (2015).

Urban2004a

CESTES

Urban, M. C. Disturbance heterogeneity determines freshwater metacommunity structure. Ecology 85, 2971–2978 (2004).

Urban2004b

CESTES

Urban, M. C. Disturbance heterogeneity determines freshwater metacommunity structure. Ecology 85, 2971–2978 (2004).

vanKlink2017

CESTES

van Klink, R. et al. No detrimental effects of delayed mowing or uncut grass refuges on plant and bryophyte community structure and phytomass production in low-intensity hay meadows. Basic and Applied Ecology 20, 1–9 (2017).

vanKlink2018a

CESTES

van Klink, R. et al. Larval and phenological traits predict invertebrate community response to mowing regime manipulations. Ecological Applicationse e01900 (2019).

vanKlink2018b

CESTES

van Klink, R. et al. Larval and phenological traits predict invertebrate community response to mowing regime manipulations. Ecological Applicationse e01900 (2019).

vanKlink2018c

CESTES

van Klink, R. et al. Larval and phenological traits predict invertebrate community response to mowing regime manipulations. Ecological Applicationse e01900 (2019).

vanKlink2018d

CESTES

van Klink, R. et al. Larval and phenological traits predict invertebrate community response to mowing regime manipulations. Ecological Applicationse e01900 (2019).

vanKlink2018e

CESTES

van Klink, R. et al. Larval and phenological traits predict invertebrate community response to mowing regime manipulations. Ecological Applicationse e01900 (2019).

Villeger2012a

CESTES

Villéger, S., Miranda, J. R., Hernandez, D. F. & Mouillot, D. Low Functional β-Diversity Despite High Taxonomic β-Diversity among Tropical Estuarine Fish Communities. PLOS ONE 7, e40679 (2012).

Villeger2012b

CESTES

Villéger, S., Miranda, J. R., Hernandez, D. F. & Mouillot, D. Low Functional β-Diversity Despite High Taxonomic β-Diversity among Tropical Estuarine Fish Communities. PLOS ONE 7, e40679 (2012).

Villeger2012c

CESTES

Villéger, S., Miranda, J. R., Hernandez, D. F. & Mouillot, D. Low Functional β-Diversity Despite High Taxonomic β-Diversity among Tropical Estuarine Fish Communities. PLOS ONE 7, e40679 (2012).

Villeger2012d

CESTES

Villéger, S., Miranda, J. R., Hernandez, D. F. & Mouillot, D. Low Functional β-Diversity Despite High Taxonomic β-Diversity among Tropical Estuarine Fish Communities. PLOS ONE 7, e40679 (2012).

Villeger2012e

CESTES

Villéger, S., Miranda, J. R., Hernandez, D. F. & Mouillot, D. Low Functional β-Diversity Despite High Taxonomic β-Diversity among Tropical Estuarine Fish Communities. PLOS ONE 7, e40679 (2012).

Westgate2012

CESTES

Westgate, M. J., Driscoll, D. A. & Lindenmayer, D. B. Can the intermediate disturbance hypothesis and information on species traits predict anuran responses to fire? Oikos 121, 1516–1524 (2012).

Yates2014

CESTES

Yates, M. L., Andrew, N. R., Binns, M. & Gibb, H. Morphological traits: predictable responses to macrohabitats across a 300 km scale. PeerJ 2, e271 (2014).

Belskaya2017

ceste

Belskaya, E. A. & Zolotarev, M. P. Changes in the size structure of carabid communities in forest ecosystems under technogenic transformation. Russian Journal of Ecology 48, 152–160 (2017).

Chambers201X

ceste

Unpublished

Cleary2007d

ceste

Cleary, D. F. R. et al. Variation in the diversity and composition of benthic taxa as a function of distance offshore, depth and exposure in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 65, 557–570 (2005).

de Voogd, N. J. & Cleary, D. F. R. Relating species traits to environmental variables in Indonesian coral reef sponge assemblages. Mar. Freshwater Res. 58, 240–249 (2007).

Cormont2011

ceste

Cormont, A., Vos, C., van Turnhout, C., Foppen, R. & ter Braak, C. Using life-history traits to explain bird population responses to changing weather variability. Climate Research 49, 59–71 (2011).

Huebner2012

ceste

Huebner, K., Lindo, Z. & Lechowicz, M. J. Post-fire succession of collembolan communities in a northern hardwood forest. European Journal of Soil Biology 48, 59–65 (2012).

Jamil2012a

ceste

Jamil, T., Opdekamp, W., van Diggelen, R. & ter Braak, C. J. F. Trait-Environment Relationships and Tiered Forward Model Selection in Linear Mixed Models. International Journal of Ecology 2012, 1–12 (2012).

Jamil2012b

ceste

Jamil, T., Opdekamp, W., van Diggelen, R. & ter Braak, C. J. F. Trait-Environment Relationships and Tiered Forward Model Selection in Linear Mixed Models. International Journal of Ecology 2012, 1–12 (2012).

Jamil2012c

ceste

Jamil, T., Opdekamp, W., van Diggelen, R. & ter Braak, C. J. F. Trait-Environment Relationships and Tiered Forward Model Selection in Linear Mixed Models. International Journal of Ecology 2012, 1–12 (2012).

Jamil2014

ceste

Jamil, T., Kruk, C. & ter Braak, C. J. F. A unimodal species response model relating traits to environment with application to phytoplankton communities. PLOS ONE 9, e97583 (2014).

Palozzi2017

ceste

Palozzi, J. E. & Lindo, Z. Boreal peat properties link to plant functional traits of ecosystem engineers. Plant Soil 418, 277–291 (2017).