Table 2 Outputs of the full GLMMs relating the effects of COVID-19 confinement measures (alongside covariates) on NDSI, biophony (here, probability of bird calls) and anthropophony (here, probability of engine noise) levels at 08:00 am.

NDSI

Intercept

0.121

0.243

0.497

0.619

Confinement level 1 vs no measures

0.035

0.012

2.832

0.005**

Confinement level 2 and 3 vs no measures

0.051

0.014

3.535

<0.001***

PCA axis: degree of anthropization

−0.190

0.052

−3.645

<0.001***

Julian day: season

−0.083

0.005

−17.930

<0.001***

Climate: dry vs tropical

0.498

0.366

1.358

0.174

Climate: temperate vs tropical

0.018

0.230

0.077

0.938

Climate: continental vs tropical

0.023

0.276

0.082

0.934

Birds

Intercept

−2.408

0.264

−9.137

<0.001***

Confinement level 1 vs no measures

0.083

0.013

6.191

<0.001***

Confinement level 2 and 3 vs no measures

0.207

0.015

14.074

<0.001***

PCA axis: degree of anthropization

−0.115

0.044

−2.595

0.009**

Julian day: season

−0.131

0.005

−28.449

<0.001***

Climate: dry vs tropical

0.381

0.353

1.079

0.281

Climate: temperate vs tropical

−0.153

0.238

−0.642

0.521

Climate: continental vs tropical

−0.136

0.287

−0.476

0.634

Engine noise

Intercept

−4.844

0.207

−23.445

<0.001***

Confinement level 1 vs no measures

−0.033

0.011

−2.887

0.004**

Confinement level 2 and 3 vs no measures

−0.216

0.014

−15.130

<0.001***

PCA axis: degree of anthropization

0.091

0.049

1.845

0.065

Julian day: season

0.054

0.005

10.839

<0.001***

Climate: dry vs tropical

−0.220

0.351

−0.626

0.531

Climate: temperate vs tropical

0.022

0.220

0.100

0.920

Climate: continental vs tropical

−0.152

0.265

−0.573

0.566