Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Ormeloxifene-induced unfolded protein response contributes to autophagy-associated apoptosis via disruption of Akt/mTOR and activation of JNK

Figure 2

Involvement of ER and mitochondria in ORM-induced autophagy. Representative transmission electron micrographs of (A) PA-1 and (B) OVCAR-3 cells post-treatment with IC50 dose of ORM show numerous electron-dense autophagosomes (asterisks). (C) PA-1, and (D) OVCAR-3 cells early stages post-treatment (<3 h) showing a close association between ER (arrowheads), mitochondria (arrows) and autophagosomes [a]. (E) Engulfment of mitochondria, and (F) rough ER by autophagosomes observed in PA-1 cells. (G) Fusion of autophagosome with electron-dense lysosome [l] and, (H) formation of autolysosomes [al] in PA-1. (I) Calculation of mean distance between ER, mitochondria and autophagosomes in early stages of treatment (<3 h). (J) PA-1 cells treated with ORM for 3 h (early) and 24 h (late) were immunostained with LC3 and counterstained with Mitotracker Red (MTR). (K) Co-localization of MTR and LC3 signal observed in early stages (drag-in-image) while absent in late stages. Double arrows = double membraned structures.

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