Table 1 Study data and medication details.
From: Cerebral blood flow predicts differential neurotransmitter activity
Compound | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risperidone | Olanzapine | Haloperidol | Methyl-phenidate (Ritalin) | Escitalopram (Lexapro) | Ketamine | Midazolam | Test- retest | |
N subjects | 21 | 21 | 21 | 18 | 18 | 26 | 26 | 29 |
Study ID | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
Demo-graphics (n male, age ± SD) | 21, 28 ± 7 | 21, 28 ± 6 | 21, 28 ± 6 | 9, 25 ± 8 | 9, 25 ± 8 | 26, 26 ± 5 | 26, 26 ± 5 | 7, 25 ± 6 |
ASL acquisitions per session (N) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Location | KCL | KCL | KCL | UCSD | UCSD | UA | UA | UG |
Dose (in mg) | 0.5 and 2 | 7.5 | 3 | 30 | 20 | 0.25 mg/kg (bolus), 0.25 mg/kg/hr (infusion) | 0.03 mg/kg (bolus, 0.03 mg/kg/hr (infusion) | — |
Scanning time (post adminstration) | 2 h | 5 h | 5 h | 4 h | 4 h | 0 h* | 0 h* | — |
T-max | 1.3 h | 4 h | 6 h | 4.7 h | 5 h | — | — | — |
Primary drug indication | SZ, Bipolar | SZ, Bipolar | SZ, Bipolar, Tourette syndrome, Mania | ADHD | Depression, anxiety disorders | Anesthesia, chronic pain | Anesthesia | — |
Mechanism of action | Direct receptor binding | Direct receptor binding | Direct receptor binding | Reuptake inhibitor | Reuptake inhibitor | Direct receptor binding and reuptake inhibitor | Positive allosteric modulator | — |
Agonist effects | — | — | — | Dopamine, catecholamines,(serotonin) | Serotonin | Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin | GABA | — |
Antagonist effects | Dopamine, serotonin, catecholamines | Dopamine, serotonin, catecholamines | Dopamine, serotonin, catecholamines | — | — | Glutamate, acetylcholine | — | — |
Receptors | D1-4, 5-HT 1a and 2a, α1, α2 | D1,D2,D4, 5-HT 1, 2a and 3, D1, α1, α2, muscarinic, H1 | D1-3, 5-HT 2a, α1, σ1 | DAT, NET, SERT | SERT | NMDA, D2, 5-HT 2, AMPA, MAT, nicotinic a4b2, muscarinic | BZD | — |
Highest affinity to | D2, 5-HT 2a, D3, α2 | 5-HT 2a, D2 | D2, D3 | — | — | NMDA | BZD | — |
