Table 1 Maternal characteristics and serum 25(OH)D concentrations between cases and controls.

From: Association of maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in second and third trimester with risk of macrosomia

Maternal characteristics

Women who delivered infant with macrosomia

Controls

P †

(n = 545)

(n = 1090)

Maternal age (year)*

28.8 ± 3.4

29.2 ± 9.1

0.277

Birthplace of Jiangsu province [n (%)]

525 (96.3)

1038 (95.2)

0.353

Intrapartum BMI (kg/m2)*

29.0 ± 3.4

26.7 ± 3.0

<0.001

Gestational weeks at birth*

39.5 ± 1.0

39.1 ± 1.1

<0.001

Sampling gestational weeks‡

28 (27, 30)

28 (27, 29)

0.443

Fetus gender (Male) [n (%)]

362 (66.4)

534 (49.0)

<0.001

Birth weight (g)*

4142.8 ± 187.2

3362.8 ± 321.2

<0.001

Gestational diabetes [n (%)]

169 (31.0)

286 (26.2)

0.042

Nulliparae [n (%)]

497 (91.2)

1029 (94.4)

0.014

Having abnormal pregnancy history [n (%)]

88 (16.1)

178 (16.3)

0.925

Sampling season [n (%)]

  

0.919

      Spring

140 (25.7)

282 (25.9)

 

      Summer

166 (30.5)

337 (30.9)

 

      Autumn

126 (23.1)

236 (21.7)

 

      Winter

113 (20.7)

235 (21.6)

 

25(OH)D (nmol/L)‡

41.4 (34.3, 52.5)

45.0 (36.2, 59.8)

<0.001

25(OH)D [n (%)]

  

0.001

      <25.0 nmol/L

21 (3.9)

27 (2.5)

 

      25.0–37.4 nmol/L

173 (31.7)

291 (26.7)

 

      37.5–49.9 nmol/L

194 (35.6)

348 (31.9)

 

      50.0–74.9 nmol/L

115 (21.1)

281 (25.8)

 

      >75 nmol/L

42 (7.7)

143 (13.1)

 
  1. *Mean ± SD; †P < 0.05 (chi-square test, t test, or Mann-Whitney test as appropriate).
  2. ‡Median (IQR); 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index.
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