Figure 3
Development of a P. knowlesi invasion inhibition assay (PkIIA). Panel of known inhibitory and non-inhibitory reagents was tested by PkIIA using A1-H.1 and YH1 merozoites. (a) Heparin invasion inhibition of A1-H.1 and YH1 lines. Data are mean ± SEM of n = 3 assays in duplicate. Invasion is represented as a proportion of an untreated control. (b) All reagents were tested against A1-H.1 except for Azithromycin (AZR), which was tested against YH1. Invasion is represented as a proportion of an untreated control. Data are mean ± SEM of n = 3 assays in duplicate. The AZR YH1 data are mean ± range of n = 2 assays in duplicate. (c) PkIIA and PfIIA (d) can be used in tandem to show a specific peptide mimic, PkRON2sp, and vaccine induced antibodies against PkDBP give contrasting invasion inhibitory effects against P. knowlesi and P. falciparum. Invasion is represented as a proportion of an untreated control. Data are mean ± SEM of n = 3 assays in duplicate.
