Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Low plasma haptoglobin is a risk factor for life-threatening childhood severe malarial anemia and not an exclusive consequence of hemolysis

Figure 4

Haptoglobin isoform frequencies and plasma HP of HTS Cohort study groups. (a) Frequency of haptoglobin isoforms HP1-1 (dark-grey square); HP2-1 (grey square) and HP2-2 (white square) for the clinical groups. Sizes of the square are drawn to scale and depicts the frequency of the isoform written with the square. HP1-1, HP2-1 and HP2-2 are HP phenotypes. *The HP1-1 isoform is associated with CM (p = 0.038) with an estimated OR of 2.1 (1.04–4.4). (b) Bar plot of Log [plasma HP (ng/ml)] per isoforms HP1-1 (black bar); HP2-1 (grey bar) and HP2-2 (white bar) for the clinical groups. Bar plot shows mean and standard error of the mean (whiskers). Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparison correction; ns = not significant (p > 0.05). (UM) = Uncomplicated Malaria; (SMA) = Severe Malarial Anemia; (CM) = Cerebral Malaria; (CC) = healthy malaria-negative Community Controls. For HTS Cohort clinical group details see Table 1.

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