Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Cohorts Study Groups.

From: Low plasma haptoglobin is a risk factor for life-threatening childhood severe malarial anemia and not an exclusive consequence of hemolysis

Discovery Cohort

Clinical Groups [Total N = 545]

UM

CM

SMA

CC

N (%)

216 (40)

69 (12)

86 (16)

174 (32)

Age (months)

Median (IQR)

42 (24–78)

45 (29–60)

29 (20–44)

84 (60–120)

Sex: F/M

88/128

40/29

39/47

95/79

PCV (%)

Median (IQR)

29 (24–34)

27 (21–31)

13 (11–15)

35 (33–37)

Parasite Density

Median (IQR)

29940 (2464–52021)

10428 (1280–58844)

21883 (1222–47847)

N/A

Validation Cohort

Clinical Groups [Total N = 166]

UM

CM

SMA

CC

N (%)

71 (40)

40 (21)

36 (19)

19 (10)

Age (months)

Median (IQR)

36 (21–73)

47 (36–62)

39 (27–61)

48 (32–72)

Sex: F/M

27/44

17/23

8/28

8/11

PCV (%) PD0

Median (IQR)

32 (27–35)

25 (23–30)

13 (11–15)

34 (32–35)

PCV (%) PD28

Median (IQR)

35 (29–40)

34 (27–40)

34 (27–37)

35 (27–40)

Parasite Density

Median (IQR)

27429 (1901–54680)

5590 (1314–81923)

32131 (2487–103822)

N/A

HTS Cohort

Clinical Groups [Total N = 401]

UM

CM

SMA

CC

N (%)

153 (38)

66 (16)

81 (20)

101(26)

Age (months)

Median (IQR)

38 (21–71)

43 (28–60)

29 (22–45)

80(48–96)

Sex: F/M

73/80

31/35

39/42

58/43

PCV (%)

Median (IQR)

31 (24–35)

26 (21–31)

14 (11–15)

35 (33–36)

Parasite Density

Median (IQR)

27717 (2431–53333)

20099 (1280–55688)

16089 (1093–47221)

N/A

  1. Discovery Cohort study groups: no significant differences in PCV, age and parasite density (p > 0.05). Validation Cohort study groups: used for the follow-up through convalescence to recovery time point analysis; no significant differences in PCV, age and parasite density (p > 0.05). High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) Cohort Study Groups: A total of 401 subjects HP gene were sequenced; no significant differences in PCV, age and parasite density (p > 0.05).
  2. Non-parametric unpaired Mann-Whitney test. (UM) = Uncomplicated Malaria; (SMA) = Severe Malarial Anemia; (CM) = Cerebral Malaria; (CC) = healthy malaria-negative Community Controls. The age, PCV and parasite density were presented as Median and Interquartile Range. IQR = Interquartile Range; % = Percentage; N = Number; N/A = Not Applicable; PCV = Packed Cell Volume. (F/M) = Male/Female; (N/A) = Not Applicable; (HTS) = High Throughput Sequencing.PD0 = Plasma day zero at admission; PD28 = Plasma day 28 (recovery).
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