Table 1 Suitability of T. molitor pupae of different ages for C. cunea.

From: Optimized pupal age of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) enhanced mass rearing efficiency of Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Host age (days)

N c

P ue

P f

N fe

Developmental period (days)

0

140.2 ± 16.0 ab

4.1 ± 0.4 ab

95.4 ± 0.2 a

120.2 ± 20.2 a

22.5 ± 0.3 a

1

154.7 ± 9.0 a

3.2 ± 0.3 ab

94.7 ± 0.6 a

142.3 ± 8.5 a

22.6 ± 0.4 a

2

137.2 ± 14.3 ab

1.2 ± 0.2 b

93.6 ± 2.2 a

129.0 ± 14.7 a

23.6 ± 0.2 a

3

102.13 ± 5.8 bc

1.4 ± 0.3 b

94.0 ± 1.1 a

94.7 ± 5.9 ab

21.8 ± 0.3 a

4

72.1 ± 8.0 c

10.3 ± 4.5 a

93.5 ± 0.5 a

64.6 ± 8.6 b

23.5 ± 0.8 a

  1. Nc: Number of C. cunea reared per host, Pue: Percentage of unemerged C. cunea reared per host (%), Pf: Percentage of adult females reared per host (%), Nfe: Number of adult females emerged per host. Values are the mean ± SE. Means in a column followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly (P > 0.05, ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test).
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