Figure 5

Characterization of the inflammatory responses of the cultured MΦs on the modified surfaces. Statistical analysis of the secreted inflammatory indicators including (a) TNF-α, (b) IL-1β, and (c) NO, from the cultured MΦs on the studied surfaces. Analysis was performed after 24 hours and 120 hours of cell culture. Each bar represents the mean values (±SD) of three independent experiments (***P < 0.001). The results were normalized with respect to the amount of intracellular total proteins.