Figure 5
From: Elevated aerosol layer over South Asia worsens the Indian droughts
(a) Percentage increase in UTLS (300–70 hPa) and troposphere (1000–300 hPa) aerosols during El Niño at a ___location in the ATAL (30°N, 90°E). (b) aerosol induced simulated changes in solar surface solar radiation (W•m−2) (aeronEL-aeronCL). Simulated changes in surface solar radiation (mW.m−2) due to aerosols in (c) the UTLS (300–70 hPa) (aeronEL-aeronCL), and (d) for the troposphere (1000–300 hPa) (aeronEL-aeronCL). (e) aerosol-induced anomalies in surface temperature (K) (aeronEL-aeronCL), (f) aerosol induced anomalies of Brunt Väisäla frequency (1E-5 sec−1) during El Niño (aeronEL-aeroffEL) (ave:20–35°N). Simulated changes in surface radiation (W•m−2) due to (g) all 52 gas phase species in ECHAM (aeroffEL-aeroffCL), (h) UTLS methane, water vapour and ozone in the offline model. (i) Net heating rates (ave: 20–35°N) from aerosols and gases (52 gas phase species) in ECHAM model simulations (K•day−1) (aeroffEL-aeroffCL). (Figure created using the COLA/GrADS software).
