Figure 4
From: Comparison of metaxylem vessels and pits in four sympodial bamboo species
The ESEM micrographs of perforation and perforation plates of dissociated vessel elements. (a–d) Details of scalariform and reticulate perforation plates. (e–i) Independent dissociated vessel elements with different shapes of scalariform and reticulate perforation plates. (j–l) Dissociated vessel elements with simple perforation plates. (a) Details of scalariform perforation plates in B. multiplex. (b) Details of perforation plates located at the top of the vessel element in B. intermedia. (c) The part of the perforation plates assumes a reticulate shape in N. affinis. (d) Details of reticulate perforation plates in B. intermedia. (e) Vessel elements possess two different types of perforation plates in B. multiplex: the white box shows the scalariform perforation plates, and the arrow shows the perforation plates that are a mix of scalariform and reticulate. (f) Scalariform perforation plates exist across the entire side of one vessel element in B. intermedia. (g) Scalariform perforation plates with abundant bars in B. rigida. (h) Perforation plates that are a mix of scalariform and reticulate in N. affinis. (i) Reticulate perforation plates in B. intermedia. (j) Simple perforation plates with a small inclination angle in N. affinis. (k) Simple perforation plates with a large inclination angle in B. rigida. (l) Simple perforation plates assume a round shape in B. intermedia. Bars = 40 μm (a), 50 μm (b), 100 μm (c), 100 μm (d), 100 μm (e), 200 μm (f), 100 μm (g), 100 μm (h), 100 μm (i), 50 μm (j), 20 μm (k), 20 μm (l).
