Figure 2

Distribution of cell cycle stages of donor cells, and mRNA expression of some developmental genes in donor cells and embryos. Somatic cells were cultured under identical culture conditions such as the same culture media, culture time, and culture surface. Cell cycle stages distribution of skin-derived somatic cells and semen-derived somatic cells (A), mRNA expression of epigenetic-related genes (HDAC1, DNMT1, and DNMT3a), apoptosis-related genes (Caspase 3 and Caspase 9) in both cell types (B). mRNA expression of pluripotency genes (OCT 3/4, SOX2, NANOG, and CDX2) in cloned blastocysts and IVF embryos (C). mRNA expression of the skin group was set to 1 in the case of somatic cells; whereas, the IVF embryo group was set to 1 for embryos. Bars with different superscript letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).