Figure 1

The incidence of moderate-severe acute pain after VATS in four different age groups (quartiles, A) and different body mass index (BMI) groups (quartiles, B). Age of the four quartile groups were ≤52, 53–60, 61–67 and ≥68 and pain significantly increased at age ≤52 years. BMI of the four quartile groups were ≤20.6, 20.7–22.5, 22.6–24.8 and ≥24.9 and pain significantly increased as BMI grew.