Table 1 Characteristics of study participants in different chronic kidney disease stages at study entry (N = 119.871).

From: Stratified risks of infection-related hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney disease - A prospective cohort study

CKD stages

Stage 1, high

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

>105

90–105

60–89

30–59

Number

28,013

40,502

45,665

5,691

Male (%)

18.54

31.57

47.31

55.82

Age < 50 (%)

93.69

44.52

30.93

3.67

BMI (%)

   Underweight

4.91

2.37

1.99

2.42

   Normal

66.78

58.94

53.41

46.34

   Overweight or obese

28.31

38.69

44.59

51.24

Current cigarette smoker (%)

12.27

14.07

17.08

16.53

Non-abstainer (%)

38.47

37.89

38.16

25.27

Education level (%)

Illiterate/did not attend school

1.44

7.67

14.11

30.84

Elementary school

10.06

28.05

29.66

36.27

Junior high and school

58.42

44.75

38.67

24.54

College and graduate school

30.09

19.53

17.55

8.34

Comorbidities, %

Diabetes

4.43

8.62

9.79

21.52

Hypertension

5.10

14.84

24.37

55.65

Ischemic heart disease

1.27

4.31

8.10

20.31

Myocardial infarction

0.05

0.11

0.31

1.04

Cardiac dysrhythmia/atrial fibrillation

1.28

2.09

3.39

7.68

Congestive heart failure

0.29

0.85

1.61

5.89

Stroke

0.23

0.77

1.60

5.31

Peripheral vascular disease

0.11

0.42

0.53

1.05

Disorders of lipid metabolism

4.60

11.35

14.30

25.65

Chronic lung disease

4.32

6.31

9.54

17.71

Chronic liver disease

5.53

7.03

7.89

8.65

Autoimmune disease

2.30

2.68

2.82

3.46

Dementia

*

0.05

0.32

1.56

Cancer

0.95

1.68

2.32

4.41

Charlson comorbidity score, mean (SD)

0.22 (0.60)

0.37 (0.80)

0.50 (0.92)

1.08 (1.39)

Laboratory data

Albumin in g/dL, mean (SD)

4.62 (0.26)

4.61 (0.25)

4.60 (0.26)

4.51 (0.30)

Dipstick proteinuria (%)**

−

91.74

90.48

87.26

72.66

+/−

7.02

8.05

10.26

16.64

1+

0.89

1.03

1.75

6.36

≥2+

0.34

0.43

0.73

4.34

Drug use and hospitalization history, %

Systemic steroid use >30 days before study entry

0.69

1.07

1.55

3.27

Hospitalization within 6 months before enrollment

2.47

2.41

2.94

6.47

Hospitalization within 6 months before index hospitalization for infection

0.87

1.60

3.12

9.58

  1. *The exact number of cases in both categories were too small to be retrieved because of the authority’s policy regulation.
  2. **Number of cases with dipstick proteinuria test: 17,495 (62.45%) in eGFR > 105 ml/min/1.73 m2, 36,012 (88.92%) in eGFR 90–105 ml/min/1.73 m2, 43,107 (94.39%) in eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2, 5,504 (96.72%) in eGFR 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2.
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