Scientific Reports

Table 4 Significant untargeted metabolites in the cohorts (NP vs. RP).

From: Liver nucleotide biosynthesis is linked to protection from vascular complications in individuals with long-term type 1 diabetes

	PROLONG				DIALONG
Metabolite	b_a	b_b	p value_a	p value_b	b_a	b_b	p value_a	p value_b
Serine¹	0.2	0.1	0.01	ns	0.1	0.1	ns	ns
Phenylalanine²	0.3	0.3	0.01	0.03	− 0.2	− 0.1	ns	ns
Carnitine C4²	− 0.3	− 0.3	ns	ns	− 0.5	− 0.4	2.4e−03	9.1e−03
Carnitine C5²	− 0.1	− 0.1	ns	ns	− 0.6	− 0.6	6.1e−03	0.01
Erythritol¹	–	–	–	–	− 0.6	− 0.5	4.3e−03	0.03
LPE C20:4²	–	–	–	–	− 0.7	− 0.6	9.7e−03	0.03
Pyroglutamate¹	0	0	ns	ns	− 0.3	− 0.3	0.01	0.03
Myo-inositol¹	− 0.1	− 0.1	ns	ns	− 0.4	− 0.3	0.02	ns
Glutamate¹	− 0.2	0	ns	ns	− 0.7	− 0.6	0.02	ns
Hydroxyproline¹	− 0.2	− 0.1	ns	ns	− 0.5	− 0.4	0.02	0.05
Cystine^3,1	− 0.1	− 0.1	ns	ns	− 0.6	− 0.5	0.02	0.03
Ornithine^3,1	− 0.1	− 0.1	ns	ns	− 0.5	− 0.4	0.02	ns
Hippuric acid²	–	–	–	–	− 0.6	− 0.5	0.02	ns
Carnitine²	–	–	–	–	− 0.1	− 0.1	0.03	ns
Cystine^4,1	− 0.2	− 0.2	ns	ns	− 0.8	− 0.8	0.03	0.05
Creatinine¹	− 0.1	− 0.1	ns	ns	− 0.5	− 0.4	0.03	ns

Data were winsorized before analyses, and statistical tests performed on log2-transformed data.
ns non-significant (p > 0.05).
NP non-progressors, RP rapid progressors.
n_NP = 226, n_RP = 45 for PROLONG, ¹n_NP = 39, n_RP = 30: ²n_NP = 40, n_RP = 30 for DIALONG.
Linear regression models: P_a (adjusted for sex, age), P_b (adjusted for sex, age, HbA_1c), both models are adjusted for center/storage for PROLONG, b for effect size of binary group coefficient.
¹GC-MS, ²UHPLC.

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