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Figure 1

From: Distinct mandibular premolar crown morphology in Homo naledi and its implications for the evolution of Homo species in southern Africa

Figure 1

P3 EDJ shape variation—complete analysis. (a) PCA plot showing the first two principal components (PCs) of variation in P3 EDJ and CEJ shape. PC1 = 61.2% total variation, PC2 = 12.5%. (b) Surface warps depicting the morphological changes captured by each principal component, with labels indicating a number of important features. A. afr = Australopithecus africanus; H. ere = Homo erectus; H. hab = Homo habilis; H. nal = Homo naledi; H. nea = Homo neanderthalensis; H. sap = Homo sapiens; P. rob = Paranthropus robustus. Surface warp images were created in Avizo 6.3 (https://www.vsg3D.com).

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