Figure 13 | Scientific Reports

Figure 13

From: Elucidation of resistance signaling and identification of powdery mildew resistant mapping loci (ClaPMR2) during watermelon-Podosphaera xanthii interaction using RNA-Seq and whole-genome resequencing approach

Figure 13

Proposed model of ClaPMR2 mediated resistance signaling in watermelon in response to P. xanthii. During the infection process, the plant pathogenic fungi, P. xanthii develop highly specialized structures known as haustoria to secrete specific effector molecules. These effectors are recognized by the sophisticated plant specific intracellular immune receptors (NBS-LRRs, ClaPMR2) to activate the ETI mediated plant defense response by activating shikimate pathway to produce elevated levels of melatonin (MEL)21 and salicylic acid (SA) in chloroplast. The increased SA levels further potentiate downstream signaling by triggering nuclear gene expressions of various pathogenesis-related (PR1, PR5) and other defense related genes providing resistance to pathogen. During host–pathogen interaction the pathogenic fungi can alters expression of diverse defense related genes from initial germination of conidia to hyphal development and proliferation during the 8-day time period activating diverse intra- and extra-cellular resistance proteins downstream to ClaPMR2 MEL (M): melatonin; ETI: effector triggered immunity; TFs: transcription factors; MAPKKK: map kinase kinase kinase; MAPKK: map kinase kinase; MAPKKK: map kinase; NBS-LRR: nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat.

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