Figure 3

Timing of exposure, in hours since exposure occurs, having significant impact on SDNN and RMSSD parameters, estimated from a flexible weighted cumulative exposure mixed-effects model. Model results show the weight function (y-axis) and time since exposure (hours, x-axis). The weight function reflects exposure assigned in the past, therefore the higher the weight function for the exposure, the more importance the corresponding timing has on the outcome. *UFPs were log transformed to base 5 and BC exposures were natural log transformed, corresponding approximately to the IQRs for the untransformed exposure. **Weighted cumulative exposure mixed-effects model with noise as the only exposure. All models adjusted for continuous temperature (degrees Celsius), alcohol intake in the last 24 h (yes/no) and caffeine intake in the last 24 h (yes/no). Air pollutants were additionally adjusted for continuous noise exposure.