Table 3 Phenotypic (ρP), genetic (ρG) and environmental (ρE) correlations between β-cryptoxanthin and the cardiometabolic risk traits.

From: Serum carotenoids and Pediatric Metabolic Index predict insulin sensitivity in Mexican American children

Trait paira

ρP (95% CI)

P-value

ρG (95% CI)

P-value

ρE (95% CI)

P-value

Waist circumference

− 0.25 (− 0.328, − 0.172)

2.93 × 10–9*

− 0.34 (− 0.595, − 0.085)

0.02

− 0.1 (− 0.551, 0.351)

0.67

Body Mass Indexb

− 0.22 (− 0.2984, − 0.142)

2.08 × 10–7*

− 0.3 (− 0.555, − 0.045)

0.03

− 0.06 (− 0.589, 0.469)

0.82

HDL cholesterol

0.29 (0.212, 0.368)

1.32 × 10–12*

0.62 (0.346, 0.894)

5.75 × 10–5*

− 0.19 (− 0.641, 0.261)

0.35

Triglyceridesb

− 0.18 (− 0.258, − 0.102)

5.30 × 10–5*

− 0.44 (− 0.714, − 0.166)

0.002*

0.36 (− 0.189, 0.909)

0.14

Fat massb

− 0.23 (− 0.308, − 0.152)

1.7 × 10–7*

− 0.27 (− 0.525, − 0.015)

0.054

− 0.16 (− 0.611, 0.291)

0.51

Systolic blood pressure

− 0.07 (− 0.148, 0.008)

0.01*

− 0.13 (− 0.424, 0.164)

0.35

0.03 (− 0.362, 0.422)

0.87

Diastolic blood pressure

− 0.07 (− 0.148, 0.008)

0.10

− 0.18 (− 0.474, 0.114)

0.23

0.1 (− 0.292, 0.492)

0.60

Fasting glucoseb

− 0.09 (− 0.168, − 0.0116)

0.04

− 0.3 (− 0.692, 0.092)

0.12

0.09 (− 0.204, 0.384)

0.54

Fasting insulinb

− 0.07 (− 0.148, 0.008)

0.10

0.27 (− 0.024, 0.564)

0.15

− 0.56 (− 0.932, − 0.188)

0.002

HOMA-IRc

− 0.07 (− 0.148, 0.008)

0.11

0.21 (− 0.084, 0.504)

0.16

− 0.52 (− 0.932, − 0.108)

0.009

  1. HDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance.
  2. Asterisks indicate the p-values that remain significant after applying FDR correction.
  3. Bold values denote statistical significance at P-value ≤ 0.05.
  4. aAll traits were adjusted for the covariate effects of age and sex terms.
  5. bData were log-transformed.
  6. cTrait was transformed using inverse normal transformation.
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