Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Physiological and pathological roles of the accommodation response in lower esophageal sphincter relaxation during wet swallows

Figure 1

A comparison of the HRM findings between dry and wet swallows for swallow-induced LES relaxation and LES accommodation. a, b, A series of representative recordings of dry (a) and wet (b) swallows. Red arrows indicate the swallowing action while orange arrows indicate the timing of water injection into the oral cavity. The patients were asked to hold 5 mL water in the pharynx for 5 s before swallowing. (c–e), Cumulative data of swallow-induced LES relaxation in a total of five dry and wet swallows (c) and in each dry (d) and wet (e) swallow from the 1st to 5th swallows. (f–h), Cumulative data on LES accommodation in a total of five dry and wet swallows (f) and in each dry (g) and wet (h) swallow from the 1st to 5th swallows. Data are shown as the median (interquartile range). A paired t-test was conducted (c and f). *A statistically significant difference between the two groups. n.s., no significant difference between the two groups. A repeated measure analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s test was conducted (d, e, g, h), with the value of the 1st swallow (sw1) set as the control. *A statistically significant difference vs. sw1 (p < 0.05). n.s., no significant difference vs. sw1.

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