Table 5 Combining ability effects (SCA-below diagonal and GCA-bottom row), parental populations’ grain yield (in bold and on diagonal in kg ha−1) and population hybrids’ grain yield (above diagonal in kg ha−1) across three locations.

From: Heterotic pools in African and Asian origin populations of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

Population

EC C6

ICMP 98107

NWC C2

ICMP 87237

GB 8735

GICKV 98771

ICMS 7704

ICMV 155

SOSAT C88

Sudan I

Ugandi

MRC GB

HHVBC

ICMP 87307

EC C6

1792

1671

1755

2081

1652

1967

1937

2242

2382

2150

2024

1878

2508

1906

ICMP 98107

− 333.67**

2475

2051

2409

1950

2110

2197

2457

2286

2561

2029

2594

2042

2315

NWC C2

− 116.07

− 83.72

2017

2581

2041

2339

2191

1985

1971

2093

2243

2006

2112

2236

ICMP 87237

− 18.70

58.55

360.03**

2206

2540

2411

2370

2424

2579

2226

2428

1932

2270

2460

GB 8735

− 405.76**

− 338.59**

− 99.82

138.25

2278

2440

2139

2210

2596

2462

2362

1964

2482

2992

GICKV 98771

− 61.01

− 162.65

181.36

38.11

111.69

2193

2280

2273

2469

2374

2378

2309

2304

2023

ICMS 7704

46.17

59.63

152.58

145.15

− 41.17

96.17

1322

2472

2338

2257

2298

2205

2269

2318

ICMV 155

266.43*

233.87*

− 103.99

131.37

− 57.43

25.51

352.29**

1729

2274

2532

2007

2486

2283

1980

SOSAT C88

287.68**

− 52.71

− 234.59*

147.44

215.13*

118.06

115.40

− 19.55

2320

2194

2032

2444

2344

2377

Sudan I

16.43

191.97

− 173.34

− 252.52*

44.44

− 35.03

− 3.94

188.79

− 265.02*

2667

2626

2116

2228

2487

Ugandi

− 1.35

− 212.53

114.38

82.19

39.14

88.46

147.13

− 201.24

− 297.19**

241.20*

2494

2051

2190

2055

MRC GB

− 53.28

405.07**

− 35.03

− 344.58**

− 255.74*

117.61

150.79

367.98**

195.70

− 169.23

− 135.89

1989

2122

2233

HHVBC

478.21**

− 203.9

− 36.98

− 92.16

153.39

25.43

98.02

44.10

− 20.21

− 182.14

− 66.39

− 68.14

2082

2601

ICMP 87307

− 167.49

− 14.31

56.65

69.90

633.02**

− 313.43**

107.45

− 311.46**

− 11.07

55.34

− 258.56*

19.21

275.16*

2304

GCA

− 233.77**

8.31

− 111.68**

104.71**

55.77*

38.09

− 100.14**

− 24.52

89.42**

130.00**

16.26

− 74.14**

28.59

73.11*

  1. *, **Significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels of probability, respectively.