Table 2 The risk of fracture according to body mass index using Cox regression analysis.

From: Underweight and risk of fractures in adults over 40 years using the nationwide claims database

Body mass index (kg/m2)

No. of fracture

IR*

95% CI

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

HR

95% CI

p-Value

HR

95% CI

p-Value

HR

95% CI

p-Value

HR

95% CI

p-Value

 < 18.5

825

10.41

9.70–11.12

1.209

1.127–1.296

 

1.177

1.097–1.262

 

1.169

1.090–1.254

 

1.173

1.093–1.259

 

 ≥ 18.5 and < 23

13,884

8.62

8.48–8.77

1

 

 < 0.001

1

 

 < 0.001

1

 

 < 0.001

1

 

 < 0.001

 ≥ 23 and < 25

10,118

7.91

7.76–8.07

0.918

0.894–0.941

 

0.945

0.921–0.969

 

0.947

0.923–0.972

 

0.944

0.920–0.969

 

 ≥ 25 and < 30

10,863

7.62

7.48–7.77

0.884

0.862–0.907

 

0.932

0.909–0.956

 

0.933

0.910–0.957

 

0.927

0.903–0.951

 

 ≥ 30

890

7.80

7.29–8.31

0.905

0.846–0.968

 

0.954

0.892–1.021

 

0.949

0.887–1.016

 

0.936

0.874–1.002

 
  1. No, number; IR, incidence rate; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
  2. *Incidence rate is defined as incidence rate per 1,000 person-year.
  3. Model 1 was adjusted by age, and sex.
  4. Model 2 was adjusted by age, sex, and other environmental factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low income.
  5. Model 3 was fully adjusted by age, sex, other environmental factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low income), and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease).
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