Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes.

	EOD (n = 690)
Sex; male/female	473/217
Duration of diabetes; years	3.0 (0.1–8.0)
Age; years	34.0 (29.0–39.0)
Diagnosis age; years	30.0 (26.0–33.0)
Smoking history; n(%)	246 (35.7)
Family history; n(%)	466 (67.5)
OHA; n(%)	431 (62.5)
Insulin therapy; n(%)	258 (37.4)
Lipid-lowering drug; n(%)	54 (7.8)
BMI; kg/m²	27.8 ± 4.9
Waist, cm
Male	97.0 ± 12.4
Female	90.5 ± 13.0
SBP; mmHg	127.0 ± 17.3
DBP; mmHg	80.0 (73.0–88.0)
ALT; U/L	26.0 (16.0–45.0)
AST; U/L	21.0 (16.0–30.0)
BUN; mmol/L	4.56 (3.69–5.59)
Scr; μmol/L	61.0 (51.0–73.0)
UA; μmol/L
Male	377.0 ± 104.4
Female	319.5 ± 105.5
TC; mmol/L	4.81 (4.16–5.56)
TG; mmol/L	1.79 (1.22–2.90)
LDL-c; mmol/L	2.93 ± 0.91
HDL-c; mmol/L	0.99 (0.87–1.14)
hs-CRP; mg/L	1.81 (0.87–3.84)
CK; U/L	78.0 (57.0–113.0)
eGFR; ml/min/1.73m²	133.37 (116.14–156.72)
FPG; mmol/L	8.15 (6.34–10.75)
PPG; mmol/L	12.93 (10.29–15.90)
FCP; ng/ml	2.05 (1.41–2.95)
PCP; ng/ml	4.17 (2.68–6.06)
Fins; μU/ml	12.27 (7.56–19.80)
Pins; μU/ml	40.55 (24.70–68.79)
HbA1c, %	9.2 ± 2.4
HbA1c, mmol/mol	77.0 ± 2.7
UACR; mg/g	10.65 (4.49–39.93)
Obesity; n(%)	325 (47.1)
CHD; n(%)	22 (3.2)
Stroke; n(%)	21 (3.0)
Peripheral atherosclerosis; n(%)	193 (28.0)
Hypertension; n(%)	151 (21.9)
Diabetic nephropathy; n(%)	127 (18.4)
Diabetic retinopathy; n(%)	90 (13.0)

Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0. Normally distributed continuous variables are presented as the means and standard deviations (± SD), and non-normally distributed variables are presented as medians (25–75th percentile). Categorical variables are presented as numbers and percentages.
EOD early-onset type 2 diabetes, OHA oral hypoglycemic agents, BMI body mass index, WHR waist-hip ratio, SBP systolic pressure, DBP diastolic pressure, ALT serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, AST serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Scr serum creatinine, UA uric acid, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, CK serum creatine kinase, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, eGFR estimate glomerular filtration rate, FPG fasting plasma glucose, PPG 2-h plasma glucose during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), FCP fasting plasma C-peptide, PCP postprandial serum C-peptide, Fins fasting serum insulin, Pins postprandial serum insulin, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, UACR urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, CHD coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.

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