Figure 3

The bubble charts indicate the performance of the DL models based on the training time on the x-axis, MAE (eV/atom) on the y-axis, and the number of model parameters as the bubble size for (a) OQMD, (b) AFLOWLIB, (c) MP, and (d) JARVIS. The bubbles closer to the bottom-left corner of the chart correspond to less training time as well as low MAE, and thus are desirable.