Figure 3
From: Initial analytical theory of plasma disruption and experimental evidence

Plane graphics for physical mechanism of tokamak plasma disruption. (a-b) When the ion nonextensive parameters are close to 3/5 and 1/3, the (quasi-) geodesic acoustic mode frequency tends to infinity, and at \(q_{F_{\textrm{i}},\textrm{img}}< {q_F}_{\textrm{i}} \lesssim \mathrm{{3/5}}\), the frequency has a positive imaginary part, which provides a physical mechanism for the plasma disruption. (c) Indicate the parameter space where the imaginary frequency occurs (grey area). (d) The smaller safety factor is, the disruption is more probably to occur (for details see the information of figure given in “Methods” Section).