Table 3 Time series forecasting results for wells W1–W8 with a predictive length of 30 and 60 days.
From: Wavelet gated multiformer for groundwater time series forecasting
Well | Crossformer | Transformer | Autoformer | Informer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metric | MSE | MAE | MSE | MAE | MSE | MAE | MSE | MAE | |
W1 | 30 | 0.00925 | 0.07237 | 0.34608 | 0.52766 | 0.00987 | 0.08355 | 0.70871 | 0.80611 |
60 | 0.00788 | 0.06840 | 0.27607 | 0.48360 | 0.01371 | 0.09950 | 0.85244 | 0.89560 | |
W2 | 30 | 0.52115 | 0.61905 | 0.06888 | 0.20957 | 0.52275 | 0.67489 | 0.09626 | 0.26674 |
60 | 0.46397 | 0.59317 | 0.09144 | 0.25529 | 0.74217 | 0.83077 | 0.10765 | 0.27641 | |
W3 | 30 | 0.77759 | 0.82393 | 0.15215 | 0.33716 | 0.11117 | 0.27986 | 0.34037 | 0.55363 |
60 | 0.61682 | 0.66926 | 0,19980 | 0.39619 | 0.11153 | 0.27952 | 0.33302 | 0.53747 | |
W4 | 30 | 1.04818 | 0.82515 | 0.28464 | 0.39411 | 0.50697 | 0.53996 | 0.30920 | 0.43256 |
60 | 1.29363 | 0.90303 | 0.24663 | 0.43913 | 0.36481 | 0.45908 | 0.58123 | 0,66646 | |
W5 | 30 | 0.17268 | 0.36590 | 0.13576 | 0.32643 | 0.30318 | 0.52543 | 0.11061 | 0.27344 |
60 | 0.23629 | 0.41187 | 0.14203 | 0.32898 | 0.46962 | 0.66320 | 0.07404 | 0.22836 | |
W6 | 30 | 0.44984 | 0.53776 | 0.29903 | 0.47785 | 0.36899 | 0.48609 | 0.17024 | 0.33234 |
60 | 0.44194 | 0.53514 | 0.23976 | 0.40862 | 0.22982 | 0.38238 | 0.20286 | 0.36610 | |
W7 | 30 | 1.29190 | 0.98086 | 2.24612 | 1.46903 | 0.41498 | 0.54960 | 3.99748 | 1.97288 |
60 | – | – | 2.78741 | 1.64702 | 0.15280 | 0.31165 | 4.86198 | 2.17386 | |
W8 | 30 | 0.43957 | 0.50853 | 0.61219 | 0.74156 | 0.45841 | 0.52169 | 0.42389 | 0.60369 |
60 | 0.48149 | 0.54576 | 0.58423 | 0.74164 | 0.54797 | 0.57954 | 0.52142 | 0.67114 |