Table 1 Characteristics of patients in training cohort and validation cohort.
Characteristics | Training (n = 207) | Validation (n = 89) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
OHE | |||
 No | 168 (81.16) | 69 (77.53) | 0.5262 |
 Yes | 39 (18.84) | 20 (22.47) |  |
Age, years | 51.46 ± 12.88 | 52.89 ± 12.64 | 0.2580 |
Gender | |||
 Female | 62 (29.96) | 31 (34.8) | 0.4156 |
 Male | 145 (70.04) | 58 (65.2) |  |
TIPS indication | |||
 Variceal bleeding | 123 (59.4) | 65 (73) | 0.0900 |
 Ascites | 49 (23.7) | 11 (12.4) |  |
 Bleeding combine with ascites | 20 (9.7) | 9 (10.1) |  |
 Other | 15 (7.2) | 4 (4.5) |  |
Causes of cirrhotic | |||
 Virus | 127 (61.35) | 52(58.4) | 0.9025 |
 Alcoholic | 24 (11.59) | 10 (11.2) |  |
 Biliary | 6 (2.89) | 2 (2.2) |  |
 Other | 50 (24.15) | 25 (28.1) |  |
Stent size, mm | |||
 7 | 42 (20.3) | 22 (24.7) | 0.3648 |
 8 | 144 (69.6) | 62 (69.7) |  |
 10 | 21 (10.1) | 5 (5.6) |  |
Puncture site of portal vein | |||
 Left branch | 122 (58.9) | 67 (75.3) | 0.0087 |
 Right branch | 52 (25.1) | 9 (10.1) |  |
 Bifurcation | 33 (15.9) | 13 (14.6) |  |
Child–Pugh grade | |||
 A Class | 79 (38.2) | 40 (44.9) | 0.5512 |
 B Class | 110 (53.1) | 42 (47.2) |  |
 C Class | 18 (8.7) | 7 (7.9) |  |
MELD score | 6.42 (3.78–10.16) | 6.78 (4.22–9.70) | 0.9386 |
ICG-R15 | 26.3 (18–45) | 33.6 (21.15–52.8) | 0.0432 |
PPG decline in value, mmHg | 11 (8–14) | 10 (7–14) | 0.5631 |
Percentage decline in PPG | 45.45 (40–52.38) | 44.44 (33.33–52.28) | 0.1823 |
ALT, U/L | 21 (14–32) | 19 (13–27) | 0.1927 |
AST, U/L | 28 (20–42) | 27 (23–37) | 0.5304 |
Albumin, g/L | 34.72 ± 5.31 | 34.99 ± 4.75 | 0.6552 |
Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 23.7 (16.9–35.6) | 23.9 (16.5–32) | 0.3466 |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 60 (51–74) | 62 (52–72.5) | 0.7552 |
PT, s | 14.5 (13.1–16.2) | 14.4 (13.2–16.25) | 0.8248 |
INR | 1.31 (1.20–1.45) | 1.33 (1.21–1.48) | 0.4073 |
BUN, mmol/L | 5.53 (4.20–7.71) | 5.17 (4.10–7.28) | 0.2996 |
Na, mmol/L | 139 (136–142) | 140 (136–141) |  < 0.001 |
Blood ammonia, umol/L | 45.5 (36.1–58.9) | 36.6 (31–48.35) | 0.460 |
