Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Chronic hyperpalatable diet induces impairment of hippocampal-dependent memories and alters glutamatergic and fractalkine axis signaling

Figure 3

Chronic consumption of HSB diet is not able to modulate cytokine levels in the hippocampus. (A) Schematic representation of postulated mechanism associated with BBB breakdown, due to the presence of proinflammatory peripheral cytokines, and neuroinflammation establishment in an obesity condition. (B–E) Quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels (IL-1β, IL-6, INF-ɣ, and TNF-α). (F–I) Measurements of protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, INF-ɣ, and TNF-α. Error bars represent the mean ± SEM; n = 7 (B–E), and n = 5 (F–I). Unpaired two tail T-student test (B,D,E–I) and Mann–Whitney test (C).

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