Table 5 VAS Score.

From: Comparison of the efficacies of TINAVI robot-assisted surgery and conventional open surgery for Levine–Edward type IIA (postreduction) hangman fractures

VAS

Robot group

Traditional surgery group

t/Z/χ2

P

Preoperative

7.9 ± 0.9

8.3 ± 1.1

1.495

0.140

3 Days after surgery

1.3 ± 0.4a

3.4 ± 0.5a

17.386

 < 0.001

3 Months after surgery

1.1 ± 0.5a

1.2 ± 0.4a

0.860

0.393

Last follow-up visit

1.0 ± 0.2a

1.1 ± 0.3a

1.548

0.127

  1. VAS visual analogue scale.
  2. Analysed by paired t tests, compared with before the operation, P < 0.05.
  3. Analysis by independent samples t test. Comparison between the two groups, P < 0.05.
  4. arepresents a statistically significant difference preoperatively compared to postoperatively.
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